PQC

Post-Quantum Cryptography refers to cryptographic algorithms designed to resist attacks from both classical and quantum computers. The current public-key cryptography standards (RSA, ECDSA, ECDH) are vulnerable to Shor’s algorithm running on a sufficiently capable quantum computer. NIST finalised its first PQC standards in 2024: ML-KEM (formerly CRYSTALS-Kyber), ML-DSA (formerly CRYSTALS-Dilithium), and SLH-DSA (formerly SPHINCS+). The G7 published a financial sector PQC transition roadmap in January 2026. Japan FSI organisations beginning PQC migration must first complete a Cryptographic Bill of Materials, the CBOM, before any algorithm migration work can proceed.